The Supreme Court of India has ruled that the right to protest and freedom of expression are fundamental rights, and has directed the government to ensure that these rights are protected and respected. Background: The case originated from a petition filed by a group of activists who were arrested for participating in a protest against the government's policies. Parties: The petitioners, represented by senior advocate Prashant Bhushan, argued that their arrest was a violation of their fundamental rights, while the government, represented by Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, contended that the protest was unlawful and posed a threat to public order. Legal issues: The court examined the issue of the right to protest and freedom of expression, and whether the government had failed to protect these rights. Court observations: The Supreme Court observed that the right to protest and freedom of expression are fundamental rights, and that the government has a constitutional obligation to protect these rights. The court also noted that the government's failure to protect these rights was a serious lapse. Significance: The judgment is significant as it recognizes the importance of the right to protest and freedom of expression in a democratic society. The court's ruling will have implications for the government's policies on public order and will also impact the rights of citizens to express themselves and participate in protests.