The Supreme Court of India has directed the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate allegations of extra-judicial killings in Manipur. Background: The case arose from a petition filed by the Extra-Judicial Execution Victim Families Association (EEVFAM), which alleged that security forces had carried out fake encounters in Manipur, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people. Parties: The petitioners, including EEVFAM, sought an investigation into the alleged extra-judicial killings and compensation for the victims' families. The respondents, including the Union of India and the state of Manipur, denied the allegations and argued that the security forces had acted in self-defense. Legal issues: The court examined the allegations of extra-judicial killings, the role of security forces, and the need for an independent investigation. Court observations: The Supreme Court observed that the allegations of extra-judicial killings were serious and required a thorough investigation. The court directed the CBI to investigate the allegations and submit a report. Significance: The judgment highlights the need for accountability and transparency in the actions of security forces, particularly in areas affected by insurgency and militancy. The court's decision is expected to have significant implications for the protection of human rights in conflict zones.